Xylem

Xylem is a transport tissue found inside vascular plants. The function of the xylem is to transport water and occasionally nutrients from the roots up to the rest of the plant. It can accomplish this either through cohesion, which is the attractive force between molecules, or transpiration, which is the evaporation of water on the surface of leaves. The celery shown above highlights the xylem while also demonstrating its function. The celery's xylem was able to transport the colored water up the stalk through cohesion. As a result, we can now see the areas in which water and nutrients are transported through a celery plant.

Stigma and Style of a Carpel

The long stalk in the middle of this hibiscus flower is called a carpel. The carpel is another female reproductive organ found in the flower. It is comprised of two main parts called the stigma and style. On the hibiscus, the stigma is the the red tip of the central stalk. This is where pollen is received from pollinators. The rest of the stalk is the style. The style connect the stigma and the ovule to each other, sending down the male gametes within the pollen to fertilize the ovule.

Population

A population is a group of organisms from the same species that live together in one area at the same time. Typically these organisms can interbreed, meaning they are able to breed together without complications. The banana trees shown in the picture are an example of a population because they are similar organisms that are able to reproduce and continue producing banana trees just like it.

Parenchyma Cells

Parenchyma cells are thin-walled cells and is what most of this leaf shown here is comprised of. These cells form a "filler" layer that is found in plant leaves, stems, and roots. These cells have mainly three functions, depending on where they are located. These functions include storage and photosynthesis. These cells contain large vacuoles that are helpful for storage purposes. They also house chloroplasts, which is where photosynthesis mainly takes place.

Exoskeleton

Most animals, like mammals, birds, and some fish, have an internal skeleton that support their bodies and organs and allow movement. Exoskeletons, on the other hand, are external structures that support and protect an animal's body. It is comprised of chitin and calcium carbonate and can be primarily found on arthropods, like the ants shown above. The ant's exoskeleton is fairly hard so that it can protect its internal organs. Mobility isn't much of a problem for organisms like the ant, despite the tough skeleton, because of its segmented body.

Modified Stem of a Plant

A modified stem is a type of specialized stem that has more functions besides transportation and support. Just like modified leaves, modified stems change themselves to help the plant survive in its environment. Some stems modify themselves overtime to have different shapes or, like the rose stem in the photo, develop protective thorns to keep predators away from it. 

Modified Leaf of a Plant

Modified leaves are plant leaves that can perform functions besides just photosynthesis and transpiration This kind of adaption allows the plant to either protect itself or make it more approachable for insects. In the case of this aloe vera, its leaves are modified to have thorns, which protect it from potential predators. Its thick leaves also allow the aloe vera the ability to store water.